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At present, the industrial method for the production of titanium metal is the Coral process, and the product is sponge titanium. The traditional process for producing titanium material is to melt and cast sponge titanium into ingots, which are then processed into titanium material. According to this, the main steps in the process from mining to producing titanium materials are: titanium ore ->mining ->beneficiation ->concentrate ->enrichment ->titanium rich material ->chlorination ->crude TiCl4->refining ->pure TiCl4->magnesium reduction ->sponge titanium ->melting ->titanium ingots ->processing ->titanium materials or titanium components. If rutile is obtained from mining, it is not necessary to undergo enrichment and can be directly chlorinated to produce crude TiCI4. In addition, the melting and casting operation should belong to the metallurgical process, but sometimes it is also included in the processing process.
The processing process mentioned above refers to plastic processing and casting. Plastic processing methods also include forging, extrusion, rolling, stretching, etc. It can process titanium ingots into various sizes of cakes, rings, plates, pipes, bars, profiles and other products, and can also be cast into various shapes of parts and components. Titanium and titanium alloys have high deformation resistance during plastic processing; The characteristics of poor plasticity at room temperature, high yield limit to strength limit ratio, large rebound, sensitivity to notches, easy adhesion to the mold during deformation, and easy absorption of harmful gases during heating make plastic processing more difficult than steel and copper.
Therefore, the processing technology of titanium and titanium alloys must consider these characteristics.
Titanium is processed through plastic processing, with unrestricted processing dimensions and the ability to produce in large quantities. However, the yield is low and a large amount of waste and debris is generated during the processing. In response to the aforementioned shortcomings of titanium plastic processing, powder metallurgy processes for titanium have been developed in recent years. The powder metallurgy process of titanium is the same as that of ordinary powder metallurgy, except that sintering must be carried out under vacuum. It is suitable for producing large quantities and small size parts, especially for producing complex components. This method requires almost no further processing and has a high yield. It can fully utilize titanium waste as raw material and reduce production costs, but cannot produce large-sized titanium parts. The powder metallurgy process of titanium includes: titanium powder (or titanium alloy powder) ->screening ->mixing ->pressing forming ->sintering ->auxiliary processing ->titanium products.
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